在我国现代地理学的发展历程中,黄秉维先生密切注视国际研究的动向和趋势,提倡自然科学与社会科学间的交叉,积极引入新思想、新技术和新方法。他强调地理学的综合研究,重视理论与实践相结合,主张地理学要为农业服务,面向建设实践,为推动我国现代地理学的发展,促进地理学研究水平的提高,做出了卓越的贡献。
黄秉维先生关注人类的生存环境,认为应当为了满足社会实践的需要,发展地理学的综合研究。他不断开拓并指导了地理学,特别是自然地理学的许多综合工作,如中国综合自然区划,黄河中游土壤侵蚀与保持,地表热量、水分平衡及其在地理环境中的作用,农业自然生产潜力,华北水利与农业发展,坡地改良与利用,全球环境变化及其影响,陆地系统与中国区域可持续发展等,取得了令人瞩目的成就。
1999年经与黄秉维先生商量,同意编撰一本旨在阐明从地理学综合研究角度观察地表自然界的理论方法以及结合中国不同区域自然环境特点加以应用所取得的成果和进展。由于黄秉维先生因眼病住院治疗,术后遵医嘱不能多看书及写作,未能亲自执笔撰写,但他同意由我们根据他的论著编撰书稿,并答应由他审阅书稿、撰写引言与结语。然而,至2000年,黄先生住院多次,由于病情恶化,医治无效,不幸于同年12月8日逝世,未及对本书初稿予以审阅。
后得国家自然科学基金委员会项目(40171040)的资助,按照讨论拟定的大纲,本书初稿由杨勤业、李双成、郑度、吴绍洪、李秀彬、刘学军等人,根据黄秉维先生已发表的论著、讲话记录及部分文稿分别进行编撰,最后由郑度、杨勤业负责汇总、补充修改、统稿和审定,中国科学院《科学时报》的徐建辉女土在文字编辑上做了大量的工作。我们力求比较全面、系统地表达黄秉维先生关于自然地理综合研究工作与陆地系统研究的学术思想,但受限于我们的学术水平和理解能力,在表述中难免有遗漏和错误,当由我们负责,也希望读者不吝予以批评指正。
本书总结了黄秉维先生几十年来自然地理综合工作的理论与实践,对中国综合自然区划,农业自然生产潜力,黄土高原的土壤保持、华北农业与水利、坡地与利用,确切估计森林的作用,温室气体与全球变化,陆地系统科学研究以及吸收新的理论方法和技术手段等普遍关注的问题作了扼要的阐述,介绍有关陆地表层系统的科学知识,既为普及自然地理综合工作知识,又为进一步综合研究陆地表层格局奠定基础。
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>引言</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、认识自然的宏观框架</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然区划</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)植物分布的地带性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)自然区划研究</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)中国综合自然区划</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(四)综合自然区划应用的广阔前景</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>二、农业自然生产潜力</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)万物生长靠太阳</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)温度与农作物生产的关系</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)水分对农作物生产的作用</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(四)影响农作物生产的土壤条件</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(五)中国的农业自然生产潜力</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>三、黄土高原的土壤保持</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)土壤水力侵蚀产生的原因</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)土壤水力侵蚀的治理</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)种草植树与黄土高原的治理</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>四、华北农业与水利问题</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)黄河决溢危险与应对措施</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)充分利用降水,发展旱作农业</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)华北平原的节水问题</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>五、坡地的改良与利用</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)坡地问题的重要性</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)提高南方坡地的持续生产力</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(三)等高活篱笆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">坡地改良的生物措施</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(四)一面坡与小流域治理</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>六、确切地估计森林的作用</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)关于森林的气候作用</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)关于森林的水文效应</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)绿色水库能代替白色水库吗</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">?
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">七、温室气体与全球变化</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(一)大气中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">CO<FONT size=1>2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量及温室效应问题</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)全球气候变暖及其影响</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)中国将来的情景及应采取的对策</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八、陆地系统科学——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综合观和区域观</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)急起直追的陆地系统科学</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(二)从多学科到跨学科的探索</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(三)辩证地观察和分析问题</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(四)着眼全球、立足区域</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>九、钝端科学必利其器</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>(一)实验模拟与定位试验</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(二)强大武器——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">遥感与地理信息系统</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
<FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(三)组装科学——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用已有的成果</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>结语</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>后记</FONT></SPAN>